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HomeMy WebLinkAboutKucera International Incorporated-Professional Services Agreement-02.12.2007 - -07 , .2oa7 - //ems Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. CONTRACT AGREEMENT KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY-DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY-GIS SERVICES MAIN OFFICE: 38133 Western Parkway Willoughby,Ohio 44094 (440)975-4230 BRANCH OFFICES: 300 South Jackson Street Denver,Colorado 80290 (303)456-1820 3889 Grove City Road Grove City,Ohio 43123 (614)539-3925 2215 South Florida Ave. Lakeland,Florida 33803 (941)686-8640 1121 Boyce Road,#13100 Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania 15241 (724) 942-2881 This Agreement is made this/� day of FeLrruq(y , 2007, between City of Waterloo, Iowa, hereinafter referred to as the "City," and Kucera International Inc., an Ohio corporation, 38133 Western Parkway, Willoughby, OH 44094, hereinafter referred to as the "Consultant." WHEREAS, the Consultant desires to render those services as described in Section 1: Scope of Services; NOW, THEREFORE, the City and the Consultant in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein agree as follows: SECTION 1: SCOPE OF SERVICES The Consultant will provide the City aerial mapping services which will primarily consist of new (spring 2007) aerial LiDAR surveying and DEM acquisition, DTM compilation and two foot (2') contour generation. The data will be furnished in 4000' x 4000' NAD83 IA state plane coordinate grid defined tiles covering the entire City and beyond as needed to achieve full tile coverage (66.45 square miles includes addition to east and southeast of the City). These tiles will match the existing Black Hawk County digital orthophoto tiles. The DTM breakline data will be compiled stereoscopically from the County's spring 2007 color aerial digital orthophoto imagery. The project ground control survey work will be accomplished by a separate Consultant to the City. The City's Specifications and Kucera's Work Plan for this project are attached as Exhibits A and B, respectively. The work shall be accomplished in full accordance with National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA). SECTION 2: DEFINITION OF TERMS A. Contract Officer - shall refer to the duly designated City official charged with general administration and coordination of matters related to this agreement on behalf of the City. 1 Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. B. Project Coordinator(s) - shall refer to the City's or Contract Officer's designated person or persons responsible for coordinating all aspects of work to be performed with the Consultant's assigned Project Manager. Such coordination shall include, but not be limited to, the review and acceptance of any hardcopy and computer digital file samples submitted by the Consultant. C. Project Manager - shall refer to the person assigned by the Consultant to oversee the Consultant's work, coordinate with the City, and periodically report the status of the work to the Contract Officer or the City's Project Coordinator. D. Project Area — shall refer to the land area covered by the Consultants' aerial survey/mapping services for this Agreement, i.e. the City and designated buffer zone or any portion thereof designated by the City. E. Work/Deliverables - shall refer to all, LiDAR DEM and DTM two foot (2') contour data, including documents, services, and byproducts of such services of whatever kind and nature purchased by the City under this agreement and as described herein. F. Delivery - shall mean the receipt in good order and condition, by the City Contract Officer or Project Coordinator(s), of all deliverables purchased by City from Consultant under this agreement. G. Acceptance - shall refer to the City's written or verbal acknowledgment of its approval in adequacy, accuracy, and quality of deliverables submitted by Consultant, following the City's successful review of deliverables. H. LiDAR — aerial laser scanning technology used to measure coordinates and elevations of points blanketing the ground and other feature surfaces, such as structures and treetops. I. DEM — Digital Elevation Model (contour grade) - a series of points representing the terrain surface and initially collected from aerial photography, LiDAR, radar, and/or other terrain measuring/sensing systems. The points are referenced to a common horizontal and vertical datum and have various patterns of placement/spacing, such as randomly spaced, regular-grid, or varying grid. "Contour Grade" DEM typically implies a rigorous degree of data processing/refinement when intended for contour generation. J. DTM — Digital Terrain Model (DTM) — supplements the DEM with a digital representation of the terrain surface compiled stereoscopically form aerial photography consisting primarily of a grid or irregular pattern of individual XYZ ground points and strings of points representing abrupt (breakline) and gradual (skeletal line) breaks-in-grade, such as road edges, hydrography, and swales/levees. The DTM data is generally considered suitable for terrain 2 Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. modeling applications and generation of contour topography at a designated interval and accuracy. SECTION 3: RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CITY A. The City shall assign a Project Coordinator(s) with the authority to review and approve materials and deliverables submitted by the Consultant to act as liaison between the City and Consultant. B. The City shall within ninety (90) days of receipt review any samples or deliverables and approve or comment on same. C. The City shall within ten (10) working days after written notice is received from Consultant answer or address any unforeseen questions that may arise during the course of the work to be performed by Consultant. D. The City shall provide specification-identified source materials to the consultant required to complete the project work and apprise the Consultant of other available source materials which may aid in the performance and check of the work. E The City at its expense shall pay for the shipment of any materials to the Consultant. SECTION 4: RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CONSULTANT A. The Consultant agrees to perform in a professional manner all of the services outlined in Section 1: Scope of Services and as further described in Exhibits A and B. B. The Consultant agrees that no changes shall be made in the services outlined in Section 1: Scope of Services and/or Exhibits A and B without the express written prior consent and agreement of the City and the Consultant. C. The Consultant shall be fully responsible for the technical adequacy and accuracy of the work. The City shall not be responsible for the technical adequacy and accuracy of the Consultant's work. No action by the City in its review, approval and/or acceptance or by any payment made hereunder shall be construed as a waiver of the technical adequacy and accuracy of the Consultant's work. D. The Consultant shall assign to the work a Project Manager whose duties will be to oversee and coordinate the work with the City's Project Coordinator(s) and make regular status reports to the City. 3 Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. E. The Consultant shall) pay for the shipment of all deliverables to the City. F. The Consultant shall begin to perform the services upon receipt of a notice to proceed signed by the Contract Officer or his designee and shall complete such work as outlined in Section 5: Time of Completion. G. The Consultant will retain a backup copy of all significant interim and final data produced for the contract, e.g., LiDAR DEM and DTM contour data, etc. H. The Consultant will not be responsible without the possibility of additional compensation for correction of extensive/global errors/inaccuracies found and demonstrated to be in the project source data. SECTION 5: TIME OF COMPLETION The Consultant agrees to complete the project work phases according to the following schedule: Complete By Aerial Lidar Survey & DEM Acquisition 4/20/07 DTM Compilation and 2' Contour Generation 2/29/08 Consultant agrees to exercise reasonable care and diligence in anticipating potential problems and delays. Such care shall include anticipating and making provision for loss of critical employees, normal failure of equipment, and other such schedule-disrupting occurrences normally experienced and reasonably capable of being anticipated. Extensions of time may be granted by the City upon written request of the Consultant, provided such requests are made prior to the expiration of this Agreement, do not involve acts of failure by Consultant to exercise reasonable care and diligence as noted above, and are based on documented evidence of need under one of the following criteria: 1. Any required aerial LiDAR survey reflights which may be necessary and cannot be completed during the calendar year in which the Project Area work is authorized; 2. Delays by the City in providing Consultant with notice to proceed, source data (e.g., ground control data), or inspection and testing of Consultant's work; or 3. Acts of nature or other circumstances beyond the control of the Consultant which are not due to its negligence or that of its subcontractors, employees, agents or assigns, but which affect the Consultant's ability to perform. 4 Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. The schedule for completion of the LiDAR flyover is dependent on placement of control targets by the City's separate Consultant by approximately 3/20/07. The Consultant understands the City's desire to have the project work completed at the earliest possible opportunity and is obligated to this goal. However, any failure to complete the Scope of Work by the designated due dates which arises from causes beyond the control and without the fault or negligence of the Consultant shall be deemed a reasonable extension of time and shall not result in a reduction of total compensation to the Consultant. SECTION 6: PROGRESS REPORTS Following the first day of execution of this agreement, the Consultant shall submit reports of progress at least monthly which describe work completed up to the date of such report. SECTION 7: DELIVERY OF WORK/DELIVERABLES Consultant shall certify in writing to the City when the work or any portion thereof has been completed and products of such work have been delivered to the City for inspection. SECTION 8: INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR STATUS The status of the Consultant under this Agreement with respect to the services to be performed by the Consultant hereunder shall be that of independent contractor. Further, nothing herein shall be construed to create an employer/employee relationship between the City and the Consultant or any other subconsultant hired by the Consultant. SECTION 9: COVENANT AGAINST CONTINGENT FEES The Consultant warrants that it has not employed or retained any company or person other than a bona fide employee working solely for the Consultant to solicit or secure this agreement, and that Consultant has not paid or agreed to pay any company or person, other than a bona fide employee working solely for the Consultant, any fee, commission, percentage, brokerage fee, gifts, or any other consideration, contingent upon or resulting from the award or making of this agreement. For breach of violation of this warranty, the City shall have the right to annul this agreement without liability, or, at its discretion, to deduct from the agreement price or consideration, or otherwise recover, the full amount of such fee, commission, percentage, brokerage fee, gifts, or contingent fee. 5 Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. SECTION 10: INSURANCE Consultant shall take out and maintain during the life of this agreement such public liability and property damage insurance as shall protect Consultant, its subcontractors, and the City from claims for damages for personal injury, including accidental death, as well as for claims for property damage, which might arise from operations under this Agreement, whether such operations be by Consultant or its subcontractor, or by anyone directly or indirectly employed by either of them. Consultant shall also take out and maintain for the term of this agreement the following coverages: $2 million general aggregate general liability; $1 million combined single limit automobile liability; $3 million aircraft insurance; $5 million excess liability; statutory workers' compensation liability; and professional liability in the amount of not less than $1 million. The City, its elected officials and employees are to be named as additional insureds. All insurance coverages required in this agreement shall be maintained in force for one (1) year after final payment of purchases made there under. The Consultant shall provide the City with certificates of insurance on all policies required under this agreement within ten (10) days of execution of this agreement and prior to the start of work. All insurance policies shall be issued by responsible companies who are acceptable to the City. The Consultant shall not cause any insurance to be canceled nor permit any insurance to lapse. All insurance policies shall contain a clause to the effect that the policy will not be canceled, reduced, restricted, or limited until thirty (30) days after the City has been notified in writing by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested. Certificates of insurance shall contain transcript from the proper office of the insurer, the location, the operations to which the insurance applies, the expiration date, and the above- mentioned City notification clause. Consultant shall indemnify and hold City harmless from any damages, cost, claims or expenses which may arise as a result of any failure on the part of the Consultant to provide accurate and/or complete data and information to the City as outlined and required by the terms and conditions of this agreement except as may be defined in Section 9: Warranty. SECTION 11: WARRANTY 1 The Consultant, by signing this agreement, acknowledges full understanding of the extent and character of the work required and the conditions surrounding the performance thereof. The City will not be responsible for any alleged 6 Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. misunderstanding of conditions surrounding the performance thereof. It is understood that the execution of this agreement by the Consultant serves as its stated commitment to fulfill all the conditions referred to in this agreement. Consultant warrants that the work performed and deliverables provided under this agreement shall conform to the City's specifications and will support the production of digital DEM and DTM two (2') contour data at 1"=100' scale meeting National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA) as applicable (i.e., vertical displacement within 1' in relation to their "true" [accurately surveyed] position). The work shall be of the highest quality, and shall be within the tolerances allowed by the above-cited references. If the Consultant is notified in writing by City of a discrepancy, deficiency, inaccuracy, or fault in the work, within thirty (30) days of such notice the Consultant shall re-perform such portions of the work necessary to correct the fault. If the fault requires a repeat of the aerial flyover of the project area, the repeat flyover will be performed at the first available opportunity at a time of the year mutually agreed upon with and approved by the City. All rework shall be made at no additional cost to the City. The warranty will apply indefinitely for major errors/defects found in Consultants' mapping and for one year from the time of final delivery for cosmetic/minor revisions and replacement of lost data files previously documented to be delivered. The Consultant shall not be liable for secondary, incidental or consequential damages of any nature resulting from any work performed under this agreement. SECTION 12: INSPECTION AND CORRECTION The City shall notify the Consultant of the acceptability or non-acceptability of the contract work based upon the City's review of said work and within a reasonable time of receipt thereof. The Consultant shall correct any major defects/errors in the work found following the review period, and shall make accessible to the City whatever information, data, materials and processes the City deems reasonably necessary to evaluate and confirm the accuracy and quality of Consultant's work. The Consultant shall not be liable for any expense of the City's review or inspection processes. The City shall promptly following its inspection notify the Consultant of the nature of any work deemed non-acceptable. Upon such notification Consultant shall within sixty (60) days replace, modify or adjust its work to meet specifications, at its expense. Work shall be considered acceptable if indicated as such in the absence of other notification. 7 Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. SECTION 13: ACCEPTANCE The City shall give written notice of its acceptance or non-acceptance of work to Consultant within ten (10) working days of the 90-day review period. If no such notice is given to the Consultant, the work shall be deemed accepted by the City. SECTION 14: USE OF PROJECT DATA A. The Consultant hereby understands and acknowledges that any and all information gathered, generated and delivered to the City as outlined in the Scope of Services is for the exclusive use and benefit of the City, and shall be the sole property of the City, and that such information shall not be disseminated by the Consultant without the express written consent of the City. B. All information, data, designs, plans, drawings, maps, photographs, specifications or other work furnished to or developed for the City by the Consultant, its employees, agents, or assigns, pursuant to this agreement, shall be the sole property of the City, and all rights therein are reserved by the City. The Consultant, its assigns, employees, or agents shall not provide any imagery or map data developed under this agreement to any party other than the City without the City's consent. C. During the course of the work, the Consultant, upon the express written consent of the City, may fill requests by non-City agents, business entities or individuals for photography or orthophotography not part of this agreement or not as yet delivered to the City. Should this occur, the Consultant shall charge a reasonable fee for its service and at the City's option will credit the City an agreed upon percentage of such fees. D. Upon the completion of the work, the City may at its option enter into a contract with the Consultant to supply products and services which the City may not be equipped to furnish to non-City agencies or individuals. The Consultant will furnish a list of products and services over and above those furnished to the City along with fees for such products and services, and the City may direct the Consultant to charge such fees for them as the City deems appropriate. E. The Consultant hereby agrees to maintain one copy of all information gathered, generated and delivered to the City within its office in digital computer file form to serve as a backup to the data furnished to the City. Should the City suffer the loss of any of its data the Consultant agrees to replace same from its files at a reasonable fee for a period of ten years. F. The City shall be entitled to rely on the technical accuracy of the data furnished by the Consultant with the understanding that the Consultant is not 8 Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. responsible for alternations made to and/or improper interpretation/use of the data by the City, e.g., enlargement beyond the specified map scale scales and associated accuracies. SECTION 15: COPYRIGHTS AND DISCLAIMERS A. Copyright and title to all final deliverable products (e.g., LiDAR survey DEM and DTM 2' contour data) shall pass from the Consultant to the City upon the City's payment for the deliverables. B. Use by a third party of the projects LiDAR DEM and associated DTM and 2' contour data while in the Consultant's processing shall require advance approval from the City. C. If the project data is to be made available by the City for use by outside entities, the City and Consultant shall prior to entering an agreement with said outside entity prepare a statement/disclaimer as to its proper use/interpretation for the protection of both the City and the Consultant. SECTION 16: COMPENSATION FOR CONSULTANT'S SERVICES In consideration for the services performed hereunder, Consultant shall be paid the following by project phase: 1. Aerial lidar survey and DEM acquisition 19,600 2. DTM compilation and 2' contour generation 53,000 Total $72,600 The fees listed above include all ancillary services/products required for each cost item as defined in Exhibits A and B plus additional area to the east and southeast. SECTION 17: INVOICING The Consultant's invoices shall be submitted over the course of the contract and reflect work completed and delivered and/or documented by percentage of project phases as indicated in Section 16 (Compensation) of the Contract Agreement. The City agrees to review and process/pay the Consultant's invoice within thirty (30) days of receipt. If an invoice is validly disputed by the City or 9 Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. otherwise found to be in error, the invoice will be voided out and a new invoice submitted at the agreed amount with a new thirty (30) day payment period. SECTION 18: PRICE PROTECTION The fees quoted for work contracted for by the City as part of this agreement, or quoted by Contractor for additional services during the course of this agreement shall be applicable until December 31, 2008. Should the City defer any portion of the work beyond this date, the fee for such work deferred will be adjusted by the consumer Price Index (CPI) for the prior year or other mutually agreed upon factor. SECTION 19: COMPLIANCE WITH THE LAW A. The Consultant shall not discriminate by any reason of age, color, handicap, national origin, race, religion or sex which is unrelated to the duties or position of applicants for employment by the Consultant. B. The Consultant shall at all times observe and comply with all statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations of federal, state and local governments in effect at the execution of this agreement. SECTION 20: TERMINATION This agreement shall terminate upon the City's acceptance of and payment for all authorized deliverables and services. The Consultant will retain a backup copy of all final and significant interim data deliverables for the contract, e.g., LiDAR survey DEM and DTM and 2' contour data, etc. The City may terminate this agreement with 60 days written notice to the Consultant for reasons unrelated to the Consultant's performance (e.g., lack of adequate funding for continuation). In the event of such termination, the City shall be liable for the payment of all work properly performed prior to the effective date of termination, including all portions of work which were partially completed. If for any cause the Consultant shall default in the performance of this Agreement or any part thereof and has failed to cure such default within sixty (60) days after receipt of written notice sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, specifying such default, the City may terminate this agreement at its option and sue the Consultant based upon a failure of the Consultant to adhere to this Agreement. 10 Contract Agreement between City of Waterloo, Iowa and Kucera International Inc. SECTION 21: AMENDMENTS No amendment to this agreement shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by duly authorized representatives of each party hereto. SECTION 22: AGREEMENT INTEGRITY This document and attachments represent the full and final agreement between the Consultant and the City, If any provisions of the Agreement are deemed void or unenforceable, all other provisions will remain in effect. This contract is hereby signed in the State of Iowa, with the laws of the State of Iowa being applicable hereto and disputes being resolved in the courts of City of Waterloo. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this agreement on the date hereinabove first written. CITY OF WATER 00 KUCE7 INTERNATIONAL INC. By: Z -i .-- By: G . !' John Antalovich, Jr/PE President 11 Exhibit A B.ack Hawk County,.iowa 2007 Digital Orthciptiotograc!iy Proje.:t 1 0/2312006 2.10 RESPONSES TO THIS PROPOSAL (continued) Vendors are to submit questions related to the specific project requirements and contents of proposals in written form only (no phone calls) and submitted by fax, U.S. Mail, or e-mail by 2pm CST on November 1011. 2006. The responses to all of the questions shall be sent to all vendors via fax or e-mail by November 171t-' 2006. No oral questions will be entertained prior to or after the deadline for written questions specified above. Submit all questions to: Kim M. Veeder Interim Director/Systems Analyst Black Hawk County Information Technology Department 316 E. 5th Street, Waterloo IA 50703 Fax: (319) 833-3139 kveeder@co.black-hawk.ia.us Section 3: Aerial Photography 3.1 Scope of Work The vendor shall acquire new, color aerial photography of Black Hawk County during the spring of 2007. This photography will be used to produce a digital orthophoto base to support the County's computerized geographic information system (GIS) parcel base map and other government mapping applications. Photography shall be obtained from a flight height of 4,800ft AMT covering all of Black Hawk County This photography will be used to produce 100sc digital orthophoto imagery with 0.5ft ground sample distance (GSD) pixel resolution, The specific project area requiring coverage at 4,800ft AMT is shown on Exhibit "A". Photo coverage shall be designed to provide "neat model" production of digital ortho-rectified photography for a minimum of one-half mile outside of the county boundary. 3.2 Aircraft and Crew The Vendor shall be responsible for operating and maintaining all aircraft used in conformance with all governing Federal Aviation Administration and Civil Aeronautics Board regulations over such aircraft. Any inspection or maintenance of the aircraft resulting in missing favorable weather will not be considered as an excusable cause for delay. Preference may be given to vendors who own the aircraft and aerial camera system(s) used on this project. All respondents must identify the firm that will actually be acquiring the aerial photography, the relationship that firm has with the vendor and the ownership of the aircraft and camera equipment to be used. All flight crew members must have two years or more experience flying precise photographic missions for aerial surveys. Individual resumes will be required. This documenf was prepared 17,0 Dun Corbin,inc for tis,by Ow Mark i;Count) 4ir Page 5 of 21 Black Hawk Coanty, owa 2007 C,,r1hophotography Project 10/23/2006 3.2 Aircraft and Crew (continued) The aircraft furnished shall be capable of stable performance and shall be equipped with essential navigation and photographic instruments and accessories, all of which shall be maintained in operational condition during the period of the contract. No windows or glass. except for optically flat glass shall be interposed between the camera lens system and the terrain. The camera lens system shall not be in the direct path of any exhaust gasses, effluence or oil from aircraft engines. 3.3 Acquisition Delays The Vendor shall inspect and constantly monitor the photographic coverage and film quality and shall undertake immediate reflights of areas wherein coverage does not meet specifications. Rejection of photography by the Vendor or the Black Hawk County Assessor shall not in itself be a reason for granting a delay or of another photo season. 3.4 Environmental Conditions during Photography The following weather conditions are a minimum which shall be met or exceeded during the photo missions: 1. Sun angle. Photography shall be taken when the sun angle is 30 degrees or greater above the horizon. There shall be no objectionable shadows created by relief or low solar altitude. 2. Cloud cover. Images shall be free of clouds and cloud shadows. No photography will be accepted with clouds or cloud shadows appearing on more than 5 percent of the area in any one photograph. 3. Season. Photography shall be acquired during the leaf-free season in the spring of the year. Deciduous trees must be barren. Acquisition of the color photography shall not begin until after March 26th or in the event of an early spring until after the grass has turned green. 4. Turbulence. Photography will not be taken during adverse conditions when wind and thermal currents are causing excess tilt, crab or drift in the photography. 5. Haze. Photography will not be taken when the ground is obscured by haze, fog, or dust. 6. Snow cover. Photography will not be taken when snow is present on the ground. 7. High water. Photography will not be taken when the ground is obscured by flood water. Streams must be in their normal banks. 8. Ground conditions. Conditions that might obscure ground detail shall be the responsibility of the vendor. Thi locm,m was prepared by Da (oar.! .for us, by th f1sci • Page 6 of 21 Blasi Hari*Co-ny,Iowa 200?Digital Orthriphotography Project 10/2312006 3.5 Aerial Camera The aerial camera used for this project shall be a fully calibrated precision analog mapping camera equipped with a single low distortion, high resolution lens, forward motion compensation (FMC), and a gyro-stabilized mount designed for vertical aerial photography with a 9" x 9"format. A USGS camera calibration report, no more than three years old shall be submitted with the response to these technical specifications for each camera system to be used on this project. The absence of a calibration report verifying that the camera meets the specified requirements may be cause for disqualification of the Vendor. Any use of digital cameras must be clearly defined in the proposal including the proposed process, equipment, specifications and camera calibration. The calibration report must document the camera system meets or exceeds the following requirements: 1. A calibrated focal length of 153 mm ± 3.0 mm 2. A minimum aperture of f4.5 3. Radial distortion in the usable angular field does not exceed 10 micrometers for any tested point. In addition, at least 15 of the tested points shall have radial distortion values of 5 micrometers or less. 4. A usable angular field of view of at least 90 degrees 5. A minimum area weighted average resolution (AWAR) of the camera lens of 90.0 line pairs per millimeter 6. Eight fiducial marks recorded on each negative 7. A between-the-lens variable speed shutter with a minimum efficiency rating of 70 percent at a speed of 1/200 or 1/250 of a second 8. An appropriate glass filter with a metallic anti-vignetting coating and with surfaces parallel within 10 seconds of arc 9. Film magazine platen upon which the film is flattened at instant of exposure shall not depart from a true plane by more than 13 micrometers when the camera/magazine vacuum is applied. 10.Stereo model flatness: a. Average departure from flatness not to exceed 13 micrometers b. Difference between highest and lowest value not to exceed 25 micrometers c. Average values for tested points not to exceed 6 micrometers 3.6 Photographic Coverage 1. The successful vendor shall prepare a flight plan for the aerial photography. All flight lines must extend at least two exposures beyond the required coverage boundary. 2. The photographic survey areas of the project shall be stereoscopically covered by successive and adjacent overlaps of photographs within the usable portion of the field of the lens. 3. Lack of acceptable stereoscopic coverage shall be corrected by reflights at the vendor's own expense. ThA duLumen1 wa,prepw ed hi Dan Cc4,111,!nr.for Black tia./. nutty Page 7 of 21 Dlac=1, t-lawK Count!, wi 2007 Digital Orthophotography Frojael 10/23/2006 4. Except on short flight lines, a minimum of two runoff or blank exposures is required between usable frames immediately prior to the start of the photography for each flight line or part of a flight line. 5. Any exposures within the project area with a color balance shift compared to the remainder of the roll will result in unacceptable exposures. 6. Forward overlap in the line of flight shall average not less than 57% or more than 62% at mean elevation of the terrain, unless otherwise specified. Individual overlaps shall not be less than 55% or more than 689'0, excepting the situation where in a forward overlap in areas of low elevation must exceed 68°/0 to attain the minimum 55`i's forward overlap in adjacent areas of higher elevation. 7. Junction areas between adjoining flight lines shall be covered stereoscopically by both lines (wherever there is a change in direction between two flight lines). 8. Side overlap between adjacent parallel flight lines shall be 30% +/- 10% at the mean elevation of the terrain. 9. Flight line deviation shall not exceed a distance greater than 1 0% of the width of the coverage of the photograph. 10,Departures from flight height required shall not exceed—2% or+5% unless changed by Air Traffic Control Centers. 11.Changes in the course of the aircraft between successive overlapping photographs within a flight line shall not exceed 3 degrees. 12.While exposing aerial photography, the camera shall be compensated for crab of the aircraft, with a resultant error not exceeding 3 degrees. 13.The tilt within a single frame shall not exceed 4 degrees nor shall the difference in tilt between two consecutive overlapping frames within a flight line exceed 4 degrees. The average tilt for all negatives of the same nominal scale shall not exceed 1 degree. 14.The combined effect of aircraft course corrections, crab and tilt shall result in an apparent crab not greater than 5 degrees on successive photographs. Apparent crab is defined as the angle between the indicated principal point and the conjugate image of the indicated principal point of the adjacent photograph within the same flight line. 15.Exposure of the film shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The negatives shall be clear and sharp in detail, free from light streaks and static marks, and of uniform tone and degree of contrast to permit ground details to show clearly in all scene reflectance, with particular emphasis on pattern recognition in the shadow areas. 3.7 Reflights Unacceptable aerial photography shall be re-flown at the earliest opportunity, weather permitting by the vendor at no additional cost to the Black Hawk County Assessor, with the reflight coverage overlapping the accepted photography by at least two stereo models. 3.8 Airborne GPS Airborne GPS technology may be used to capture the photography and reduce the amount of ground control necessary to perform the project. In such instance, the vendor shall describe the onboard equipment which it owns and is installed in the aircraft. The type of receivers and number of base stations and locations to be used shall be described. The vendor shall also list the AGPS data processing software and procedures. This document was prep?,01 by Dan Curhin,Inc /or usr b, the Placi Hay.-4 County 4ssetsot Page 8 of 21 BInk Hawk Couiny,lowil 2017 Digital Ortilophuiopraphy Proi,ct 10123/2006 3.9 Aerial Film The color negative film used shall be KODAK Aerocolor Ill Negative Film 2444 or AGFA Aviphot Color X100 PE1 or approved equal. Outdated film shall not be used. The film must be stored and handled in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Aerial film that remains in the camera overnight must be rolled forward a minimum of three exposures immediately before additional photography is exposed on a subsequent date. AU aerial negatives for each flight line shall be exposed from the same aerial camera. 3.10 Film Processing Film processing, including developing, fixing, washing and drying of all exposed film, must he performed in modern automatic aerial film processor. The resultant processed original aerial film negatives shall be clear arid sharp in detail and uniform in density. The negatives must be free of static marks, tears, scratches, or other blemishes. The Vendor must provide quality assurance of the aerial photography and photo laboratory procedures. The Vendor shall outline the Quality Assurance / Quality Control program used during photo processing. 3.11 Film Labeling AU processed aerial negatives will be clearly labeled. Negatives will be labeled with the flight line and exposure numbers, date of photography county name. The first and last frame of each flight line shall also be labeled with the time of exposure, focal length of the camera and flight height. 3.12 Flight/Photo Index In lieu of contact prints a flight/photo index shall be delivered in a geo-referenced AutoCAD version 2004 drawing file format (DWG). Photo center point locations (derived from the airborne GPS/IMU survey) and image foot prints or edge of image swath shall be included. The photo center locations shall be attributed with the roll, flight line, end frame number. The flight lines shall be attributed with the acquisition date, time, flight height, line number, camera s/n and direction of flight. Two copies of the flight/photo index shall be delivered for review as soon as possible after the acquisition of the aerial imagery. 3.13 Film Ownership and Storage All aerial film acquired, as part of this project is the explicit property of the Black Hawk County Assessor. The Black Hawk County Assessor elects to have the successful vendor store the aerial film at the vendor's facility. The Vendor will store the film in environmentally safe, humidity controlled conditions for a period up to ten years at no additional cost to the Black Hawk County Assessor. /Vs durx q I 1.1:1 VMS prepared by I)a,1 Corbok Inc for Va4- Bid:1kw Co,ovy Ass,ssor_ Page 9 of 21 Black Hawk County,Iowa 2007 Digital Ck-hophotograPhy Proled 10/23/2006 Section 4: Digital Orthophotooraphy Production 4.1 GENERAL A set of color digital orthophoto tiles will be created by scanning the negatives produced from the aerial photography and processing the image files using the latest, state-of-the-art technology. Orthophotos will be generated using the digital terrain model, control, and aero- triangulation data. A complete orthorectification will be carried out with a specifically developed set of algorithms that remove image displacement due to topographic relief and the tip and tilt of the aircraft at the moment of exposure. Every effort should be made to minimize the effect of building lean on the usability of the orthophotos. 4.2 PROJECT DIAGRAM The project area described in this RFP includes all of Black Hawk County, Hickory Hills Park (Tama County) and a one-half mile border area outside the corporate limits of the county. Exhibit A, "County Extents" delineates the project area. 4.3 CONTROL REQUIREMENTS In 1994 Black Hawk County established a grid work of permanent recoverable control monuments throughout the county. One hundred and fifty-five (155) 3D control monuments were placed throughout the county. Static GPS observations and a least squares network adjustment were performed. The network was referenced to the Iowa North Zone NAD83 horizontal datum, the NGVD29 vertical datum, and published in meters. During the fall of 2006 the Black Hawk County Secondary Roads Department will be re- observing and re-adjusting the 1994 control network. The re-adjusted control network will be referenced to the Iowa North Zone NA083(1996) Iowa High Accuracy Reference Network (laHarn) horizontal datum and vertically to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Vendors are expected to use the 2006 control network in referencing the new digital orthophotos to the Iowa State Plane Coordinate System, North Zone and utilize US Survey Feet, Respondents shall identify in their proposals which of the existing 3D control monuments will recuire targeting prior to the_aerial flights. The Secondary Roads Department will provide all of the labor and materials as required to install the targeting materials. The aerial targets will be in the form of a 4-way cross with a panel width of not less than 18 inches and a total panel length of ten feet. The targeting material will be 3 ply harlequin vinyl as manufactured by Mutual Industries and will be securely fastened to the ground. Where the existing ground conditions will not permit the use of a cross shaped target, a "T" shaped target will be placed. Vertical offsets will be measured during the field targeting and provided with the control data to The aerial vendor. The successful vendor shall give the Black Hawk County Engineer's Office a minimum three week notice prior to beginning the aerial flights. his docurnerow p,cpared by Dan Corbin,Inc:.fot use by the Ha wk-COW Ass.-ssot Page 10 of 21 Black Hawk Cottrity.Iowa 007 Digital Orthophotoctapiy Project 10123/2006 The Secondary Roads Department may target additional control points even if not required by the vendor. The coordinates of these points will be held from the vendor to use as an independent check of the horizontal accuracy of the digital orthophotography. 4.4 NSSDA ACCURACY STATEMENTS 1.The 100 scale digital orthos shall be compiled to meet 3.0 feet horizontal accuracy at 95% confidence level. The horizontal accuracy of the digital orthophotos will be tested using the NSSDA standards. 2.The 2ft contours produced from the DTM shall meet 1.0ft vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level. The vertical accuracy of the digital terrain model may be tested using the NSSDA standards. 3.The NSSDA positional accuracy testing will be performed by Dan Corbin, Inc. 4.5 AEROTRIANGULATION 4.5.1 General The selected firm may use either fully analytical aerial triangulation (FAAT) techniques or softcopy (DAAT) to extend and densify ground control for the aerial photography. The use of airborne GPS/IMU technology is permitted in lieu of conventional aerial triangulation as long as project accuracy standards are maintained. The vendor shall provide a complete description of their methodology for performing the aerial triangulation adjustment including the equipment and software used. 4.5.2 Horizontal and Vertical Control All horizontal ground control positions computed by analytic triangulation must be in Iowa State Plane, North Zone 1401 Coordinate System referenced to NAD83(1996). Vertical control must be referenced to NAVD1988. Distance units shall be US Survey feet. 4.5.3 Pass Points and Tie Points In your proposal, detail the process and number of tie points to be used for this project The positional accuracy of the pass points established by the analytical aerial triangulation shall be adequate to provide the horizontal accuracies specified for the different scales of mapping. 4.5.4 Mensuration Point mensuration must be accomplished using digital or analytical photogrammetric instrumentation. No analog instruments shall be used to record image coordinates. The respondent must detail equipment and software to be used for this process. 4.5.5 Software An industry-standard software program must be used for analytic aerial triangulation computations. The package used must be capable of strip adjustments, as well as large bundle (blocks of photos and strips) adjustments and should also have gross error detection facilities. The proposal should describe the package used for adjustment computations on this project. Thr:;dOCIMIE-71i)4W-5 prepared b;Dan Col Im fur use h the,dad,Yawl;County Assessor Page 11 of 21 rika Hawk County.Iowa 2007 Digital 0:theplintography Pijt 10/23/200E3 4.5.6 Aerial Triangulation Report Upon completion of all aerial triangulation work, the contractor will prepare a formal aerial triangulation report for delivery to the Black Hawk County Assessor. The deliverables and report will include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following: *1. All misclosures at ground control points with and without use of checkpoints, 2. Final adjusted aerial triangulation solution to horizontal and vertical ground control. 3. Control point residuals and average residuals for each adjustment. 4. An ASCII file containing all points and their corresponding final adjusted State Plane Coordinate values. 5. A narrative of any problems that arose during the aerial triangulation and how they were resolved. 4.6 FILM SCANNING Scanning devices used shall be precision photogrammetric scanners capable of capturing 256 levels of color and capable of scanning at resolutions finer than needed to obtain the output resolution requirements listed below. Interpolation from a finer input resolution to a coarser output resolution is allowable, but interpolation from a coarser input resolution to a finer output resolution is specifically prohibited. The proposal shall state the scanning resolution planned for this protect. The final ortho-rectified imagery shall contain 0,5ft GSD pixels. Film negatives from each flight line shall be pre-scanned to determine the optimum scan parameters for contrast and brightness. The optimum scan parameters shall produce full depth image histograms with emphasis on feature recognition in the shadows and the light areas of the image. During the scanning process, the contrast and brightness of the images shall be closely monitored. Each flight line shall be compared to the adjacent flight lines to ensure a uniform consistency throughout the entire project. The respondents shall discuss the particular scanner to be used as well as its geometric accuracy. 4.7 ORTHORECTIFICATION 1. Vendors shall describe in detail the technical procedures, equipment and software to be used for the production of digital orthophotos. A complete description of the digital orthophoto technical methodology will include but not be limited to compilation of the terrain model, ortho rectification process, image mosaicking, radiometric accuracy, estimated file size and all quality control procedures. Vendors should provide any relevant detail about image processing techniques which they propose to use to enhance the usefulness of the digital image. 2. The orthophotography produced must be mosaicked with consistent tonal and color scale ranges within and between images. Match lines created for mosaicking shall be selected interactively. Match lines are only allowed where adjacent images lie at the surface of the DTM used to create the orthorectified images and are at the same elevation. ThA tkaanen!wu,p epart-rt hy bat,Co-bm.Inc l'or use by the Black Hawk C'oun:y - or Page 12 of 21 Black Hawk Cr%wiry,low&2007 Dii1 Orthophotograply Frcci 10123/2006 4.7 ORTHORECTIFICATION (continued) 3. Mosaic lines shall not cross through buildings, bridges or other fabricated structures not at ground level. Join lines between overlapping images shall be interactively selected by the Vendor to minimize tonal variations and visible join lines. 4. Buildings, bridges, and overpasses must be spatially correct and not contain bends, breaks, or discontinuities. 5. To minimize distortion of above ground features, the Vendor shall restrict ortho-rectification primarily to neat model areas, using the centers of each photograph rather than every other photograph_ 6. The images shall be edge matched so that tonal values are consistent across the edges and there is minimal evidence of the join. Radiometry must be balanced between neighboring tiles. 7. The final ortho-rectified tiles must tile together seamlessly. 4.8 GRID-BASED IMAGE TILES 1. The delivery of the orthorectified photography shall be tiled and provide seamless coverage. The digital images are to be edge-matched with no pixel gaps between geographic partitions. Density matching of the digital ortho images is required to create the appearance of a seamless mosaic. 2. The tiling scheme for the entire area of coverage shall be based on a 4,000ft x 4,000ft even coordinate grid. The vendor will provide a digital copy of the proposed tiling scheme for review by the Black Hawk County Assessor. 3. The final ortho tiles created for this project shall cover an area 4.000ft x 4,000ft square and contain 0.5ft GSD pixels 4. The final orthorectified images shall be provided in both uncompressed TIF files and compressed MrSid files with the associated world files. The MrSid compression ratio to be determined during pilot project. 5. A compressed image of the entire area of coverage shall be provided in MrSid format complete with associated world file. ,an.;,1,1c,nienY was prepared by 1:,ta,Cabin. 10S use by the mark Hawk C aunty As;assra Page 13 of 21 Black Hawk Ccupty,Icvra 2007 Ortnapho opraphv Pioject 10/2312006 Section 5: Digital Terrain Model (City of Waterloo) 5.1 DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL and 2ft Check Contours 1.The digital terrain model (DTM) must support the generation of 2ft contours. 2.The DTMs will match the same "4,000ft x 4,000ft square tile" area of coverage as the digital orthos and shall tile seamlessly. 3.The digital elevation models must contain mass elevation points taken at uniform grid spacing and 3D break lines compiled on photogrammetric workstations. 4.The grid spacing of the mass points and collection of break lines will be designed to meet the accuracy standards as specified in this proposal. 5.Break lines must not intersect or begin and end at the same x,y coordinates_ The break lines must include the following features: a_Defined breaks in grade b.Drainage c.Edge of Banks d.Edge of roads e.Centerline of roads f.Centerline of railroads g.Surface water boundaries h.Other linear features defining a change in slope 6. Check contours shall be provided as continuous 3d polylines, thinned and smoothed. 7.The DTMs shall be delivered in AutoCAD version 2004 drawing (dwg) files. 8.Individua: layers shall be provided for each unique break line feature. The AutoCAD layer names, line styles, and colors shall be approved by the City of Waterloo during the review of the DTM Pilot Project. 9.Prior to beginning full production of the digital terrain models; the project vendor will provide a DTM Pilot Project for review and acceptance by the City of Waterloo. The pilot project area will be selected by the vendor and The City of Waterloo. The pilot project shall include the digital terrain model and check contours produced from the included DIM. The pilot project will be used to validate all procedures and verify that the project deliverables meet the specifications. 10.Proposals shall include a complete description of the procedure for collecting and developing the DTMs. The vendor shall describe the quality assurance measures used to verify the accuracy of the DTMs. This ducurnens Kris prcpurcd by DWI CO) n,int for use be she Bhu k Hay k Cuuntt As,essur Page 14 of 21 Blar.;t:Hawk;:oonly,lewe 2001 Otthophotography Project 1012:712006 Section 6: LiDAR (optionall 1.LiDAR may be used to produce the digital terrain models (DTMs) if the resulting product is supplemented by the necessary break lines (as listed in paragraph 5.1 5 ) and mass points to meet the accuracy standards for the project. 2.The LiDAR produced terrain models must be edited so that the resulting contours meet the horizontal and vertical accuracy as well as cartographic standards pertaining to jaggedness and islands. A sufficient number of properly placed LiDAR ground control points will be used to vertically bias the LiDAR dataset to the project's vertical coordinate system. Checkpoints must be obtained and used throughout the project area. 3.The final QC on the LiDAR elevation models and the addition of the required break lines in the elevation models will be performed on photogrammetric workstations. The processes for LiDAR capture, enhancement, editing, checkpoints, and equipment shall be clearly defined in the proposal. Section 7: Pilot Project After the acquisition of the 2007 photography and prior to beginning full production of the digital ortho imagery; the project vendor will provide a pilot project for review and acceptance by the Black Hawk County Assessor. The pilot project area will be selected by the vendor and the Black Hawk County Assessor. The pilot project shall include the color digital orthos and meta-data report. The pilot project will be used to validate all procedures and verify that the project deliverables meet the specifications. The lonal qualities of the imagery in the approved pilot project will become the standard for the remainder of the project. Section 8: Deliverable Items 8.1 The Black Hawk County Assessor 1. Digital Flight/photo index. 2. Aerial Triangulation report 3. Pilot Project 4. 100sc digital ortho tiles, 0.5ft GSD, uncompressed TIF with TFWs supplied on an external USB hard disk drive. (1 set of color tiles and 1 set of grayscale tiles) 5. MrSid of each 100sc digital ortho tile with SDWs supplied on an external USB hard disk drive. (1 set of color tiles and 1 set of grayscale tiles) 6. MrSid of the entire county supplied on an external USB hard disk drive. (1 color image and 1 grayscale image) 7. Project reports including meta-data. This CIOC VATIEM was pt epared by Dan Cof bin,Inc 1r use by the Bled PatvA Cow4y,dsse,ssor. Page 15 of 21 Black Hawk County.Iowa 2007 Digital OrthophotograpnY PrOjed 10/23/2006 Section 8: Deliverable Items (continued) 8.2 The City of Waterloo 1.Digital Terrain Model (DIM) including check contours in AutoCAD version 2004 drawing (DWG) file format supplied on CD-rom. (2 sets required) 2.Hardcopy 1" 100ft scale check plots on paper. (2 sets required) 3.Project reports including meta-data 8.3 PROJECT REPORTS and META-DATA Written progress reports must be submitted to Kim M Veeder every month. Included with each delivery of data shall be a Meta-data report. The format of the Meta-data report shall be approved by the Black Hawk County Assessor after the delivery of the pilot project. A final report on the production process, problems encountered and including quality control information generated throughout the project will be provided at the end of the project. 8.4 DELIVERY SCHEDULE The delivery of the final digital ortho image tiles shall begin with T9ON, R14W in the northwest corner of Black Hawk County and proceed in a serpentine manner to the south. Each vendor shall include with their proposal a township by township delivery schedule for the project with the final delivery to occur before April 1't 2008. If the Vendor fails to meet the project delivery schedule, the Black Hawk County Assessor shall have the option to require the Vendor to forfeit the sum of S100 for each business day that they are late. In such case, after notice to the Vendor of the same, the Vendor shall forfeit the sum of $100 for each business day that the deliveries are late beginning thirty (30) business days after the end of the project delivery schedule. The Vendor agrees that the $100 per day late penalty shall be deducted from the final contract payment. 1 document h ri.!prepared by Dan(brain.inc.far 11,5t-f t%) Mad.I1aA Cc 4 no,A 3FCSNOt. Page 16 of 21 Exhibit B KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH PROJECT OVERVIEW Statement of Work: The primary products and services Kucera International Inc. will furnish for this contract will include new (2007) color aerial photography, aerial lidar surveying, airborne and ground control surveying, film scanning as needed, aerotriangulation, digital elevation and terrain model (DEM and DTM) production, digital two foot contour topography mapping, and color digital orthophotography at 1"=100' scale, 0.5' pixel resolution. The aerial photography, lidar survey, DEM production, and digital orthophotography will cover Black Hawk County and Hickory Hills Park area in Tama County along with a surrounding one half mile buffer. The DTM production and contour topography mapping will cover designated areas around the City of Waterloo. Project Standards and Accuracies: The project work will be performed in full accordance with the Black Hawk County 2007 Digital Orthophotography Project RFP technical specifications. The project mapping will meet the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA) with the following horizontal and vertical accuracies achieved at the 95% confidence level for well defined, ground based features represented in the various map products: Map Product Accuracy(95%) 1"=100' scale orthophotography 3' horizontal 2' contour topography 1' vertical Conformance with the accuracy standards will be internally verified through review of aerotriangulation residuals and comparison of image/map coordinates for targeted ground control and check points against their corresponding ground-surveyed values. Kucera understands that the County will be performing an independent accuracy verification as well. The project vertical accuracy standards may not be met in areas having the ground predominately obscured by dense vegetation. The project horizontal accuracy standards will not apply to structure locations appearing in the orthophoto imagery due to the inherent effects of feature lean. County Support: The support Kucera would request of the County other than designating persons of contact would include: • Provide targeted project ground control(as per RFP specifications) • Defining pilot areas and approving pilot area mapping 1 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH • Promptly reviewing deliverables to ensure that all data listed in the transmittal is received and no data is missing, corrupted, improperly formatted, etc. • Providing any source materials available for the project work (e.g., existing mapping) and assistance in answering any general questions regarding the source materials • Prompt, consistent, and thorough QC review of data submissions • Assisting in resolution of discrepancies/problems as required In relation to all of the above, Kucera will work cooperatively with the County and adjust processes as required to best accommodate the County's support capabilities. Approach: In order to complete the work in a timely, organized, and cost-effective manner while maintaining a high level of quality and accuracy, Kucera will utilize a systematic, phased approach incorporating the most advanced available, proven photogrammetric, remote sensing, surveying, digital imaging, and GIS conversion technologies and procedures. The major phases of the approach in general order of performance will be as follows: 1. Project Initiation—Finalize scope of work and document in project procedure plan. 2. Ground Control Selection —Work with the County to determine the ground control to be used for the project and points/locations to be targeted in the field as needed for georeferencing/aerotriangulation of the aerial photography and quality control of the airborne GPS, aerotriangulation, and mapping. 3. Aerial Photography/Airborne GPS-IMU Survey — Perform new aerial flyover/photography of the County using film or digital aerial cameras interfaced with airborne GPS/IMU systems while simultaneously operating GPS base station receivers on the ground. Process and check the aerial imagery and airborne GPS/IMU results. 4. Aerial Lidar Survey and DEM Production — Perform aerial lidar flyover to acquire terrain data needed for orthophoto image rectification projectwide and 2' contour topography generation for the designated City of Waterloo area. Process/classify lidar data to produce bare earth DEM terrain data. 5. Aerial Film Scanning — If film photography is performed, directly scan the aerial film while still in pristine condition to create high quality digital photographic imagery for use in digital orthophoto generation and other softcopy photogrammetric processes. Perform initial digital tone balancing/dodging of the imagery use of AGFA Apertune technology. 2 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH 6. Aerotriangulation — Use a softcopy aerotriangulation process to check and refine the airborne GPS and ground control survey and finalize the georeferencing of the project aerial photography. 7. Pilot Project — For designated pilot project area produce sample final mapping for review and approval/selection by the County. 8. Stereocompilation — For the designated City of Waterloo area, use softcopy stereoplotting systems to photogrammetrically check and augment the new lidar bare earth DEM data to produce a DTM supporting 2' contour generation. 9. Digital Orthophoto Production — Orient digital photo imagery using aerotriangulation results and rectify to new projectwide lidar DEM. Batch and manually process rectified imagery into final orthophotography. 10. Topographic Feature Mapping — For the City of Waterloo area generate 2' contour topography from new DTM,batch and manually edit, and convert to AutoCAD. 11. Project Wrap-Up -Review project specifications and transmittals/deliverable records to ensure all specified data has been received and recorded. A flowchart of the proposed project work phases is provided on the following page. The work phases will be performed concurrently to the maximum extent possible to maximize efficiency and accelerate turnaround/completion times. Descriptions of the procedures, technologies,and deliverables for the various phases of the project are provided in the following numbered subsections of this Proposed Approach. 1. PROJECT INITIATION 1.1 Project Review/Startup: Immediately upon notice of award, Kucera's Project Manager will convene members of the project management team to review the scope of work, specifications, deliverables, schedule, and administrative requirements. At this project review meeting the Project Manager will solicit questions and recommendations to be presented to the County and City. The Project Manager will subsequently schedule a"kickoff'meeting or phone conference with the County and City as needed to establish lines of communication, review the scope of work, and address any outstanding questions/issues related to the project. 3 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. PROJECT WORKFLOW FOR THE BLACK HAWK COUNTY,IOWA 2007 DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY PROJECT Project Initiation • Ground Control/Targeting (performed by County) V Aerial Photography Aerial LiDAR Survey (film or digital camera) V AGPS/IMU and Film/Image Processing AGPS/IMU Reduction and Lidar DEM and Review Processing Film Scanning (film camera) —► Aerotriangulation • Pilot ProjectFe— Digital Orthophoto Production Lidar Augmentation/DTM Compilation (City of Waterloo) Topographic/Contour Feature Mapping (City of Waterloo) • Project Wrap-Up 4 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH 1.2 Procedural Plan: Following the kickoff meeting/conference the Project Manager will prepare a comprehensive job write-up and project procedural plan for the members of the project management team. The procedural plan will include the following, as needed: 1. Summary of project procedures and deliverables 2. Work flowchart indicating phases,milestones,points of acceptance 3. Finalized flight and control network diagrams 4. Finalized sheet tile/index 5. Quality control criteria 6. GIS data structure The plan will be revised/updated as needed over the course of the project to reflect approved procedural changes and additional procedures/information. 1.3 Sheet/Tile System: The tile system used for the project will be the County's designated NAD83 IA state plane grid- defined 4000' x 4000' modular unit system. As part of the project initiation process Kucera will review the tile layout with the County to determine if any adjustments are desired and will finalize the tile scheme and associated flight and control plans accordingly. The finalized tile scheme will be included/described in the procedure plan and used to graphically track and report the project work status. 1.4 Quality Control System Kucera will develop a quality control system specifically for the project. The system will be overseen by the designated Quality Control Manager and will include the following elements: • Automated and manual data checks used in each phase of work by responsible staff. • Quality criteria and records/documentation used for quality certification. • Procedures for reporting and addressing quality control issues internally and with the County. In general, all project data produced will be subject to full manual review within each department/phase of the work, with certifications being reviewed and maintained by the Quality Control Manager. The Project Manager will also perform spot review of each data transmittal to the County and together with the Quality Control Manager will immediately address any significant quality control issues encountered. All significant issues will be documented in a report prepared by the Project Manager indicating the nature,cause, and of method of resolution. 5 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH 1.5 GIS Data Structure: In the project initiation phase Kucera will review the City of Waterloo's existing AutoCAD data structures for the digital topographic feature mapping and will request clarifications as needed. Kucera will develop a proposed data structure/layering scheme if none is available or if a new scheme is requested and will present this to the City for review and approval. 2. GROUND CONTROL SELECTION 2.1 Ground Point Network: The flight/control diagram provided at the back of this proposal section shows Kucera's proposed network of ground control points in relation to the aerial photography flight lines for the project aerial flyover. The project control will consist of the targeted ground points combined with accurate photo- center coordinates and orientations determined through an airborne GPS/IMU survey. The combined ground and airborne control data will support the production of the orthophotography and planimetric/topographic mapping to the project standards with accuracy verification of the same. The ground-based control will generally be spread uniformly around the periphery and through the interior of the project area to prevent control extrapolation and, where possible, will be located so as to fall in the sidelap area between flight lines to strengthen the ties between lines in the aerotriangulation process. As shown on the flight/control diagram, Kucera's project ground network will consist of approximately 37 recovered and targeted existing points from the County's existing 155-point ground control network. Note that because Kucera is using airborne GPS/IMU as the primary means of controlling/georeferencing the aerial imagery, there is considerable flexibility in the selection of locations for ground-based control. This flexibility will allow Kucera to choose alternative existing monument locations for control targeting where previously selected monuments were found to be destroyed or otherwise not usable. 2.2 Survey Conduct: Kucera understands that the County/Dan Corbin will be responsible for the ground control recovery/targeting and will work closely with the County to ensure the ground control is suitably selected and inform the County of completed flying. Kucera assumes the County will monitor unpainted targets until the flyover work is completed. 2.3 Targeting: The ground control targets should generally be in the shape of crosses, tees, or chevrons with legs 12" — 18" wide and 8"- 10' long. Targets on unpaved areas should be durable material properly affixed to the ground, while targets on paved areas can be painted. The targeting work should be performed so as to assure maximum possible visibility and pointing accuracy on the 6 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH aerial photography, with target color being white on darker surfaces (e.g., grass, asphalt, older pavement) and black on lighter surfaces (e.g., sand, new pavement) and the control point being located at the outside apex of the target legs. 2.4 Alternative Photo-Identifiable Control: Where targets are destroyed prior to the aerial flyover or where critically located ground control points cannot be targeted, new project ground control can be surveyed coordinates for photo- identifiable feature points selected on prints of the completed aerial photography. The points will be selected at distinct, occupiable locations(e.g., sidewalk corner intersections, ends of paint stripes on roads)and will have detailed survey descriptions prepared to ensure their accurate use. 2.5 Control Accuracy/Datum: Kucera assumes the ground control stations will have coordinates and elevations established on the NAD83 (96-HARN) Iowa North Zone State Plane Coordinate System horizontal and NAVD88 vertical datums, as per the RFP specifications. 3. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY/AIRBORNE GPS-IMU SURVEY 3.1 Season/Environmental Conditions: The project aerial photography will be performed on a first-priority basis in the spring 2007 flight season (March 26—April 20)after grass"green-up", before significant emergence of tree vegetation and as soon after flight plan approval and target placement as weather (clear, no excessive cross winds)and ground(no smoke, snow cover, fog,flooding)conditions permit. The photography will only be taken during the time of day (approximately 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.) when the sun angle is greater than 30° to minimize shadows. For the airborne GPS/IMU work, the aerial photography will be taken only at times when at least five satellites are observable with a PDOP of less than 3 and the cutoff angle/elevation mask is greater than 15°. Weather conditions will be monitored via direct observation and weather forecasts obtained through computer access to the National Weather Bureau, the Weather Channel, and local flight service centers. The Project Manager will maintain regular contact with the County throughout the aerial photography periods to report on flight conditions and completed flying. Computer printouts of weather sequences will be maintained as a record of photography conditions. 3.2 Aircraft Commitment: The project aerial photo flyover will require up to approximately 34 flight lines and 870 flight miles. Kucera will be committing one or more of its Piper Navajo Chieftain twin-engine aircraft to the contract work and with these aircraft will be able to complete the photo flyover within 2-4 flight sessions. Kucera's aircraft will be based on site throughout the flyover period to ensure the flyover is completed within the shortest possible timeframe with consistent ground and lighting conditions. 7 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH Kucera's Piper Navajo Chieftains are FAA airworthiness-certified, low-wing, turbo-charged aircraft with a cruise speed of 180 to 200 knots, fuel capacity for six hours of continuous flight, and IFR weather instrumentation. The aircraft are equipped with the Genisys ACCUPHOTO GPS flight management and navigational systems and have Novatel dual-frequency antennas mounted above the camera port for airborne GPS. 3.3 Aerial Camera: The project aerial imagery will be acquired using Kucera's Zeiss RMK TOP latest generation film-based aerial camera systems and/or alternatively using Kucera's Leica ADS40 large format digital aerial camera system. One type of camera system will be used for all photography taken. The Zeiss RMK TOP 15 film cameras having built-in motion compensation (FMC) and optical/geometric/functional characteristics meeting the USGS NAPP specifications as determined by recent US Geological Survey calibrations. The cameras gyro-stabilized during the aerial photography acquisition using Zeiss TAS gyro-stabilizing camera mounts and have AWAR resolution ratings of over 100, putting them in the highest achievable resolution range and yielding photography optimal for producing high-image-quality digital orthophotography. The Leica ADS40 system represents the most advanced of direct digital aerial image capture technologies and uses continuous sweep/pushbroom line scanning for acquisition of the aerial imagery in continuous flight strips ("pixel carpets") as opposed to individual exposures. The imagery is captured with 10 (6 panchromatic, 3 color, and 1 infrared) 12000 pixel CCD lines oriented for nadir(straight down) and forward and aft-looking views. The ADS40 has a number of advantages over frame-type digital cameras(e.g. DMC, UltraCam), including the following: • The ADS40 acquires imagery with significantly reduced structure feature lean since it automatically captures a true vertical view of each feature in the line of flight. • The ADS40 simultaneously collects RGB and IR imagery directly at 0.5' pixel resolution— the RGB and IR imagery is not acquired at a lower resolution and "pan-sharpened" (mapped onto higher resolution panchromatic imagery) as is the case with the large-format frame cameras. • The ADS40 imagery is more readily processed directly into orthophotography with modern computer/image processing technology and requires significantly less seam lines in the production of orthophotography since it is acquired directly in continuous image strips as opposed to individual exposures. • The ADS40 provides multiple sets of "complete" stereo coverage of various vertical exaggerations, which allow for optimal stereo viewing and increased vertical pointing accuracy in various types of terrain (e.g., urban canyons, flat residential or farm areas, steep terrain, etc.). 8 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH • The ADS40 uses interference filters to capture/sense visible and infrared wavelengths in narrow, non-overlapping spectral bands as opposed to overlapping bands as captured with frame camera technology. The narrow bands allow for separate remote sensing analysis of each captured wavelength. 3.4 Flight Height,Photo Scale/GSD,Overlap: Kucera will be acquiring the film aerial photography from an altitude of 4800' above the mean ground elevation as specified, yielding an aerial photo scale of 1"=800'. The alternative digital camera photography will be taken from an altitude of approximately 4700' above the terrain, yielding a ground sample distance (GSD) of 0.5'. The flight altitudes proposed for both the film and digital camera imagery have been demonstrated and are commonly used to support production of mapping meeting the County's project accuracy standards. The flight lines for all flight altitudes and for either type of camera system used will be oriented in a north-south direction for efficiency of coverage and to minimize bi-directional illumination and will be spaced apart so as to yield 30% side overlapping image coverage between adjacent flight lines. Over the downtown Waterloo and/or other designated tall building areas the flight line spacing will be decreased and side overlap increased to approximately 60% to support the development of"true" orthophotography (no feature lean) covering these areas. Both the film and digital photography will be taken with stereo image coverage in the line of flight,the former through 60%forward overlap between successive photo exposures and the latter through forward and aft looking CCD lines. All flight lines will be extended to provide stereo coverage beyond the project areas boundaries and ensure that all periphery orthophotos can be produced as full image coverage tiles. Before proceeding with any aerial photography work, digital and/or hardcopy road/feature-based flight maps will be prepared and submitted to the County for review and approval. Upon approval/finalization of the flight diagram, flight line latitude/longitude or endpoint coordinates will be read for GPS-based navigation. The quad-based flight maps will be used for visual reference/check to the automated navigation when performing the aerial photography and as an aid for in-house inspection of the completed photography. 3.5 Restricted Airspace: Kucera's flight crews have considerable experience in performing aerial flyovers in large airport, military, commercial/industrial, and other types of restricted airspace and will coordinate with the proper air traffic control authorities to obtain flight access to any restricted areas within or near the project. 3.6 Crab and Tilt Control: Camera tilt and crab will be maintained within 4° (1° average) and 3°, respectively, with the combined effect of tilt and crab not exceeding 5°. Tilt correction is accomplished through the use of gyro-stabilized camera mounts and manual leveling as required. Flight direction is maintained with GPS-based computerized flight management systems. Crab correction is 9 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH accomplished visually by the photographer monitoring the camera viewing system by making sure the camera is angled such that the top and bottom of each image progressing across the view is coinciding with the flight line location as shown on the project flight maps. 3.7 Image Acquisition and Processing: The film-based photography will be taken on latest generation AGFA X100 natural color negative film, which has significantly improved image resolution and color saturation/vibrancy over older-generation color films and minimum susceptibility to buckling and Newton ring formation during scanning. Completed film photography will be processed within 24 hours of exposure at Kucera's headquarters photo lab facility using Kodak Versamat automatic film processors operating under strict sensitometric and densitometric quality control monitoring. The film will be exposed and processed in a manner which maximizes the amount of detail which can be extracted in the image scanning and digital reproduction processes. During and at all times following the film processing,the film will be handled with maximum care to prevent any scratching/marking of the film surface which could appear in the digital imagery. Once processed, the film photography will be immediately checked for acceptable exposure, resolution, contrast, overlap, crab and tilt level, absence of foreign markings, etc. For each roll of film, two consecutive stereomodels will be analyzed on a stereoplotter to verify that there was no residual parallax due to vacuum loss in the camera magazine during the aerial photography. The ADS40 digital camera aerial imagery will be captured in separate panchromatic (black and white), RGB color and near infrared (835-885 nm) spectral bands. The exposure/"integration" time used in capturing the digital imagery will be set to yield maximum image detail and consistent contrast across the image swath given the target pixel resolution, image bands collected, and aircraft speed. The RGB imagery will be used for the color orthophotography development. The infrared band imagery will be saved and available as needed for development of matching/registered color infrared/multispectral photography covering all or portions of the project area. The Leica ADS40 digital camera's raw (Level 0) captured digital aerial imagery will be downloaded from the camera's mass memory units (MMUs) and combined/processed with the airborne GPS/IMU data to yield initially georeferenced (Level 1) image swaths. The Level 1 image swaths will be reviewed/inspected in a similar fashion to aerial film inspection, i.e., checks for proper coverage, exposure/radiometry, absence of anomalies/artifacts, etc., before being further processed. The level 1 imagery will be provided as a project digital index deliverable as described in Paragraph 3.9. For either the film or digital camera photography, an image quality report will be prepared documenting the photography inspection results. All rejected photography will be reflown at the first possible opportunity using the same camera as used for the balance of the photography. Reflights will be made in the same flight pattern as the accepted photography and will overlap into the accepted photography as necessary to provide continuous photographic coverage. 10 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH 3.8 Image Data Recording: Flight/image data such as the flight line number, date of flight, exposure setting,job number, etc. will be automatically recorded by the aerial camera for each exposure (film camera) or swath (digital camera) if imagery acquired. The data will be shown in the data chamber between exposures (film camera)or in the digital camera data file. 3.9 Flight Index and Image Delivery: As a deliverable the County will be furnished with a digital index to the completed aerial photography. For the film photography, the index will be in vector form and will include the photo center locations derived from the airborne GPS survey on the digital road network background of the project area for reference. The photo center locations can optionally be attributed with the roll, flight line, and frame numbers, and can also be "hot-linked" to low resolution raster images of the corresponding scanned photo exposures to create the full-image- display "Scandex" product. For the digital camera photography, the index will consist of the georeferenced raster image swaths for each flight line or a vector representation of the same. The indexes to either the film or digital camera photography will have appropriate title information/metadata and will be furnished in DXF, TIFF, or other specified vector or raster data format. 3.10 Film/Image Storage During the course of the project and for any desired length of time beyond, the exposed aerial negatives of the film photography will be stored in a climate-controlled film vault at Kucera's headquarters photo lab facilities at no cost to the County. The negatives will be owned by the County and upon request will be forwarded along with corresponding flight logs containing flight data, crew member, camera/lens serial number, etc. The film will be stored and shipped in appropriately labeled 250' or 500' plastic roll film containers. Kucera's raw and processed digital camera imagery is stored on 400 GB DLT tape with a 20-year expected shelf life. Copies of imagery are maintained in both on-site and off-site storage. 3.11 Airborne GPS/IMU Control Survey: The film or digital aerial photo and the aerial lidar survey missions will be performed with advanced airborne GPS/IMU technology to accurately measure camera/sensor coordinate location and angular position/orientation throughout the flyover. The in-flight system used for the AGPS/IMU survey will be an APPLANIX Model 510 position and orientation recording system for airborne vehicles (POS/AV). The Applanix system consists of a high accuracy (20 arc second) "strap down" (attached to the aerial camera) inertial sensor unit linked to a Novatel dual-frequency GPS receiver. The system accurately measures both the sensor center position and the exterior orientation at the instant of image capture,thus determining all of the unknowns needed for georeferencing of the imagery. This initial georeferencing is quite accurate, but is checked/refined by Kucera using an aerotriangulation process (aerial photography) or direct comparison with ground survey points(aerial lidar). 11 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH The field work for the GPS/IMU survey will involve the continuous operation of at least two static base station GPS receivers (Trimble 5700 series dual frequency) on the ground for the duration of each flight session. The base stations will be positioned so as to be within approximately 50 km of the roving(aircraft) receiver during each flight session, being moved as necessary to keep within this distance before starting the next flight session. The base stations will be positioned over existing control monuments from the County's existing control network to maintain consistency between the airborne and ground control surveys. The use of multiple base stations will ensure data quality and provide redundancy in the event of equipment malfunction. Data from all base stations will be processed so that the camera position at the time of exposure can be calculated independently for each station and compared. As a quality control check, the AGPS/IMU data will be processed with recordings from the closest continuously operating reference stations (CORS)and the results compared with those obtained by processing the GPS/IMU data with the on-site base stations. The airborne and base station GPS receivers will make observations at one second (1hz), or one-half second epochs (2hz), with post- processing of the data being performed using on-the-fly(OTF)kinematic techniques and yielding a positional accuracy 10 cm or better for the camera position The aerial photography will be taken in flight sessions covering a "blocks" of contiguous flight lines. At the start and completion of each flight session, the roving (Applanix system) receiver will be initialized by being operated for approximately 10 minutes in the aircraft while it is parked stationary at a local airport. The AGPS/IMU data sets will be initialized using the fixed baseline method,with one base station being placed in close proximity to the airport initialization location so as to facilitate the AGPS data reduction process by providing a short baseline vector solution. Flight time on line is limited to approximately 20 minutes before the Applanix system is re-initialized to prevent IMU "drift". Following each flight session the observation data will be immediately downloaded for extraction by the flight crew using the POSPac set of software modules provided by Applanix/Waypoint Inc., to ensure successful data recording and coverage. The data is processed with at least a coarse reduction result being determined before the next flight session is performed to detect any significant problems requiring a reflight. During the AGPS post-processing, a very robust KAR - kinematic ambiguity resolution (fixed integer solution)- is implemented, along with an analysis of the day's satellite configuration and PDOP, satellite signal standard deviations, atmospheric interferences, and forward/reverse plots to attain the most accurate GPS solution available. The GPS and IMU data are processed together, with the IMU data being used to fill in and adjust the GPS results as needed and the GPS data being used to minimize the effects of aircraft "drift" in the IMU measurements. The result is a GPS solution that is even more refined than the initial processing(the inherent drift is also removed) along with a highly accurate set of orientation angles for each exposure (a Smoothed Best Estimate of Trajectory). The AGPS/IMU reduction results are thoroughly analyzed to ensure proper IMU behavior and accuracy with the data graphs also being used to ensure that the proper flying parameters are followed for each mission. 12 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH The AGPS/IMU survey results will be furnished in a project report and will include photo coordinate listings, data accuracy output, PDOP conditions, flight trajectory plots, and other relevant survey data. The deliverables will include a digital file of the principal point coordinates and measured orientations for each photo exposure taken. 4. AERIAL LIDAR SURVEY AND DEM PRODUCTION 4.1 Overview: Kucera is proposing to perform an aerial lidar survey of the designated City of Waterloo mapping area to acquire the bare earth DEM mass point component of the 2-foot contour grade digital terrain model (DTM) for the area. Kucera is also proposing to perform a higher altitude lidar survey covering the balance of the project area to acquire a new digital elevation model (DEM) for use for the orthophoto image rectification. The primary advantages of lidar DEM data acquisition over other photo-derived (e.g., manual stereocompilation, autocorrelation) methods of DEM production or use of existing DEM are as follows: • The lidar terrain data is "first generation" in nature (i.e., captured directly during the flyover)with improved accuracy over"second generation"image-derived DEM. • The lidar survey produces a significantly denser terrain point spacing (5' to 20') than can cost effectively be achieved using image derived methods (35' to 50' spacing) and typically provides greater return/terrain surface data in wooded areas (which are prevalent in the County) thus supporting overall faster and more accurate orthophoto and contour topography production. • The lidar DEM will be current and consistent throughout the project area. • The lidar survey provides returns/data for surfaces above the ground (e.g., tree canopy, building roofs)which can be classified and provided as a deliverable. 4.2 Flyover Conditions: The aerial lidar flyover will be performed on a first priority basis following control target placement,with the following conditions/constraints being observed: Flyover period: 3/26/07—4/20/07(same as aerial photo flyover) Weather: No precipitation,no excessive cross winds, no clouds below 3000' or 10000' Ground: No significant smoke, fog, snow,flooding 13 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH Satellite configuration: 100%of flyover w/PDOP<3, 5 or more observable satellites cutoff angle/elevation mask 10° Note that the lidar flyover can be accomplished at any time of the day or night since the lidar sensor is not light-dependent. Kucera's aircraft can have an aerial camera and lidar system installed at the same time, and Kucera will use this setup to perform photo capture during the day and lidar capture at night from the same aircraft. 4.3 LIDAR Technology: The lidar survey will be accomplished using Kucera's in-house Leica ALS50 lidar system. The ALS50 is the latest in Leica's line of aerial lidar technology and among most advanced lidar systems currently available. Features of Kucera's ALS50 system include a laser pulse rate of up to 87 kHz and increased pulse rate at any flying height — resulting in ability to achieve dense point collection rate from higher flight altitudes, automated roll stabilization to maintain the proper scan swath width and increase flight efficiency, up to four returns per laser pulse, with one return always being the last or latest return to maximize potential that a ground-based point will be recorded, and video and"Intensity"return visual image capture corresponding to the lidar survey flight swaths. 4.4 System Calibration: Before or after every lidar survey project, Kucera performs a lidar flyover of a preset calibration site to precisely model the positional relationship (i.e., "boresighting") between the ALS50 laser scanner head and the Applanix IMU for entry in the post-processing software, and to monitor the behavior characteristics of the system over time. The flyover covers a carefully designed calibration pattern consisting of four crossing flight lines at low and high altitudes to precisely measure the roll, pitch, and heading correction parameters. Kucera's main calibration site, Lost Nation Airport in Willoughby, Ohio, has been carefully surveyed to locate highly accurate control points for determination of the lidar data elevation offset value during calibration. 4.5 Flight Plan/Operational Settings: Kucera's flight plan/operational settings proposed for the aerial lidar survey flyovers will be as follows: 2' Contour&Ortho DEM Ortho Only DEM (Waterloo) (balance of project) • Flight altitude 5500' 10827' • Aircraft speed 140 knots 150 knots • Scan FOV 44° 65° • Scan rate 33 Hz 14 Hz • Pulse rate 55.4 kHz 30.8 kHz • Sidelap/flight line spacing 30%/3150' 15%/3600' • Swath width 4400' 13800' 14 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH • Post spacing 7.7' 18' • Flight direction N-S N-S • Cross flights 3 3 • Returns/pulse 4,w/last return 4,w/last return The flight parameters will result in collection of surface data supporting 2' contour production for the Waterloo area and 1"=100' scale ortho image rectification for the entire project area. The use of cross-flights to check boresight/system orientation and flight line time limitation to prevent AGPS/IMU `drift" inaccuracies are in conformance with FEMA lidar survey specifications. The lidar flight sessions will be accomplished over the shortest possible time span to maximize terrain condition consistency. During each lidar flight session, the lidar operator closely monitors the system to ensure proper operation of the laser scanner, GPS signal lock and acceptable PDOP. Four data returns and corresponding intensities will be measured for each pulse, with the system set to always include the "last/latest"return with greatest probability of representing the "bare-earth" location. Post-mission data is compared to ground-surveyed checkpoints in the project area as a final system calibration and data accuracy check. 4.6 Initial Data Processing and Quality Control: Immediately following each day's flying, Kucera's flight crews perform initial processing of the LiDAR and airborne GPS data to generate trace/route logs and review these to ensure proper system operation and data capture coverage. Areas having data gaps or anomalies are flagged for reflight in the next flyover session. The flight crews will also review the initially acquired, unclassified LiDAR point cloud for proper coverage with no obvious data gaps or anomalies. 4.7 LiDAR Data Reduction: Office processing of the LiDAR survey data begins within days of the data acquisition. Initially, the AGPS survey measurements are fully reduced, reviewed, and applied to the multi-return LiDAR point cloud, with a check of the overlapping point coverages from cross-flights and adjacent swaths being performed to confirm accurate LiDAR system calibration. Terrasolid Terramodeler and Terrascan software with in-house Kucera customizations are used in an iterative fashion to filter/classify/separate returns from major structure and vegetation features, water, and ground features and code the data in accordance with the ASPRS LiDAR data exchange (LAS) classification system (1=unclassified, 2=ground, 9= water). The surface data/DEM used for the ortho image rectification will include points on elevated bridge decks and overpasses as well as the underlying terrain to ensure proper rectification of the features. The LiDAR DEM data will be filtered/regridded to a larger spacing as needed over highway and large building areas to prevent "warping" of these features due to excessive terrain point density. To produce the bare earth "mass point" DEM needed for contour generation the classified LiDAR data will be further refined/processed by removing elevated feature points and other smaller, non-surface features and artifacts. 15 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH Quality control exercised in the LiDAR data processing includes review of 3D visuals/perspective views of the LiDAR surfaces, review of the LiDAR data against corresponding existing digital orthophotography and newly acquired intensity return and/or web cam imagery, and comparison of LiDAR surface elevations with surveyed elevations at all ground control point locations. Artifact removal will be 100% or near 100%, with all significant artifacts eliminated from the data. The elevation displacement between the LiDAR surface and surveyed elevations at ground control points will be limited to a 15cm(-0.5')tolerance. 4.8 Lidar Deliverables: The lidar DEM mass point file will be furnished as a project deliverable on CD or DVD in generic ASCII, DXF, or other specified GIS/CAD format. The data will be delivered by individual tile or in larger coverage blocks as specified. The contour-grade DTM will also be provided as a deliverable as described in Subsection 8 (Digital Stereocompilation). Other data capture deliverables available from the lidar survey include georeferenced laser"intensity return" data with feature visibility, the raw lidar "point cloud" of all surface hits, classified digital surface models(DSMs)of structures and/or canopy,and lidar-derived building heights. 5. AERIAL FILM SCANNING 5.1 Procedures and Technology: If film-based aerial photography is performed, digital photo imagery used for the project digital orthophotography and softcopy photogrammetric processes will be produced by scanning the aerial film directly on Kucera's two Z/I Imaging PhotoScan 2002 photogrammetric scanning systems. The scanning aperture used will be 1600 dpi,yielding a pixel resolution of 0.50' for the 1"=800' scale aerial photography used for the project-wide digital orthophoto production. The Z/I PhotoScan systems are among the most advanced scanners currently in operation. The systems are powered by Pentium III Xeon NT workstations and are certified first-order instruments which have two-micron precision and accuracy and can be independently calibrated to a grid plate. The PhotoScan features "one-pass" black and white and color scanning and has been upgraded to "stepless" operation, i.e., any scan resolution can be selected to directly produce the target pixel size in relation to the aerial photo scale. The PhotoScan scanner also features a diffuse (as opposed to direct) light source to minimize light scattering and maintain high image sharpness. The scanners are outfitted with Kodak CCD heads which employ a lower power light source than less advanced CCDs and offer a higher level of color/tone sensitivity and stability. Every exposure of the aerial photography will be scanned to ensure maximum ability to produce the digital orthophotography from the most central portions of the photo exposures. The scanning of each exposure will cover the entire frame, including fiducials. The imagery is initially rasterized with 1024 density levels per channel, which are remapped to 256 density levels using a project-specified "lookup table" (LUT) based on the film type, photographic characteristics, and desired image characteristics. For production of color imagery, the LUT process is superior to the more rudimentary gamma/curve histogram adjustment in that it allows 16 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH for specific level-to-level assignment and this permits very fine adjustments of the color balance at the scanning stage. The interior orientation parameters of each scanned photographic exposure will be automatically computed during the scanning phase using the PhotoScan system's AutolO utility. The AutolO utility uses raster templates of the camera fiducials to automatically compute an interior orientation for each image that is generated while in progress. Complete interior orientations are performed within scan jobs. These measurements are saved to each image and to a separate database to be used for QC as well as for relevant subsequent processes (softcopy aerotriangulation, compilation, orthophoto generation). If the RMS error of the fiducial measurements exceeds tolerance, then the negative is scanned again and checked for any anomalies such as geometric accuracy,etc. 5.2 Post-scan Image Adjustment—AGFA Apertune Technology In addition to performing image adjustments in the orthophoto production phase, Kucera performs automated image enhancement directly following scanning using advanced AGFA Apertune image processing technology. The Apertune "filtering"process used on the individual scanned exposures include "dodging" to even out the image brightness across the exposure, "matching"to fine tune the overall color balance and remove any color cast, "tone gradation"to set overall gamma and contrast that can be applied to each image, and anomaly/artifact identification and removal. The use of Apertune provided greater ability to match imagery from different flight sessions/flight days, allows greater latitude in adjusting image characteristics for client preference, and improves the efficiency of subsequent ortho image production. Kucera is one of the few firms with advanced post-scan image processing/enhancement capability. An example of "before" and "after" Apertune scanned image processing/dodging is provided at the back of this proposal section. 5.3 Scan Environment and Film Handling: Kucera's PhotoScan system is housed in a fully enclosed, environmentally controlled, "clean room" type environment to ensure optimal system performance and help prevent dust contamination of the film surface prior to scanning. Once the aerial film has been inspected it is immediately moved to the scanning room in our headquarters photo lab and stored here until it is scanned. Prior to scanning, the film is run through a dedicated film cleaning device and brushed with static brushes to remove foreign surface particles. The scanner operators wear gloves, lab coats, and hairnets to further prevent dust contamination. 6. AEROTRIANGULATION 6.1 Procedures and Technology: Softcopy aerotriangulation of the aerial imagery will be used to densify and check the project control and generate orientation parameters as required for the image rectification and mapping work to be performed. The initial input to the triangulation process will include the ground- based control points and the camera-center coordinate and orientation data from the airborne 17 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH GPS/IMU survey, which together will allow the process to converge to a final solution with a minimal number of iterations being required. For the softcopy approach, an Inpho MATCH AT (film camera) or Leica ORIMA (digital camera) softcopy aerotriangulation workstation will use image correlation technology to join digital stereo photo image pairs and computer coordinates/elevations for manually selected and/or automatically generated triangulation points for each image-correlated stereopair. The points are run through a preliminary triangulation adjustment with a limited number of measured control points to determine the point residuals, with points having greater than a 7-micron residual being filtered out. The final triangulation is performed with the accepted points and all control points being subject to thorough manual review and adjustment as needed to achieve the optimal point location and distribution. Kucera generally prefers to use softcopy (vs. analytical) aerotriangulation where possible due to its higher degree of redundancy/accuracy and its faster automated triangulation pass point generation, and has had excellent results with softcopy procedures for similar project terrain. Kucera recognizes, however, that the softcopy process does not perform as well in terrain where good ground-based image correlation points are lacking such as over large expanses of wooded areas, swampland and open water. Where such terrain is prevalent,the softcopy process may not be able to generate a good distribution of triangulation points in the photo coverage. For such areas Kucera will use fully manual point selection or analytical triangulation procedures. Kucera will triangulate the photography directly to the project control without the use of control transfers, and will perform the triangulation in single large blocks of photographs rigorously tied as needed through triangulation of common flight lines to maximize triangulation accuracy/consistency throughout the project. The triangulation programs used will be Inpho PATB block and bundle refinement adjustment programs run on dedicated workstations. The PATB triangulation software accepts ground and/or airborne GPS control data and softcopy and/or analytical triangulation pass point input, produces a rigorous simultaneous polynomial solution with output of RMS residual values, and has a full suite of error-checking and correcting support programs. In the point measurement phase of the analytical adjustment, the triangulation software applies corrections for systematic errors resulting from the comparator/reading instrument using instrument calibration data, film deformation and lens distortion using camera calibration data, and atmospheric refraction based on the flight height and ground level. 6.2 Error Tolerances/Check Points: The triangulation will support mapping meeting the project accuracy standards, with the following individual point and RMS horizontal and vertical accuracy residual tolerances being observed: 18 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH Individual Point RMS Residual Photo Scale/Flight Residual Tolerance Map Product Height Tolerance (1:10,000 Flight (1:6000 Flight Height) Height) 1"=100' scale orthophotography, 1"=800'/4800" 0.8' 0.48' 2' contours Designated redundant targeted control stations will be used as check points in the aerotriangulation process. These points will have triangulated coordinates determined for them, which will be compared against the actual coordinates for the points with the expectation of RMS errors not exceeding the specified tolerances. The checkpoint triangulation sessions will be re-run until results are satisfactory. Note that in the triangulation of the photography Kucera will be maintaining a high vertical accuracy to allow the triangulated photography to be used directly for 2' contour topography mapping throughout the County on an as-needed basis. 6.3 Triangulation Report: For the completed triangulation blocks a triangulation report will be prepared and furnished as a deliverable. The triangulation report will contain summaries of the procedures used and results achieved, printouts of the triangulation adjustment output and a diagram/plot showing the distribution of triangulation points across the project area. The triangulation output will also be provided in digital form as specified. 7. PILOT PROJECT 7.1 Pilot Project Procedures: Following the initial data acquisition and preparation phases of the project (aerial photography, control surveying, scanning, LiDAR DEM reduction, aerotriangulation), Kucera will complete a pilot project involving production of the final orthophotography covering a designated small multiple contiguous tile pilot area. The pilot project will be used to validate all procedures and verify that the project deliverables meet specifications and the County's approval. The pilot project will include samples of the orthophotography with variation in color/contrast for the County's selection of the preferred image radiometry. The selected image sample will be used as the tone and/or color match for the delivery of the balance of the imagery. 19 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH 8. DIGITAL STEREOCOMPILATION 8.1 Overview/General Procedures and Technologies: In the stereocompilation phase of the project, Kucera will photogrammetrically check and augment the new LiDAR DEM covering the City of Waterloo area to produce a digital terrain model(DTM) supporting new 2' contour topography generation. The stereocompilation work will be accomplished on Kucera's Z/I Imaging SSK and/or BAE SOCET SET softcopy stereocompilation systems, and/or Kucera's Zeiss P3 analytical stereoplotters. Kucera's stereoplotters are operated by experienced (> 4 years) stereocompilers and provide a variety of automated and semi-automated compilation features which allow the compilation work to be performed more efficiently and with greater thoroughness and accuracy. All data is captured in three dimensions from parallax-cleared stereomodels, and is compiled in intelligent, manual fashion. All photogrammetric data collection will be performed from the triangulated project aerial photography. 8.2 Lidar DEM Review and Augmentation Procedures For the photogrammetric review of the bare earth lidar DEM points, Kucera's stereocompilers will review the points in 3D on top of the stereo view of the terrain from the triangulated project aerial photography. In areas where the lidar DEM points do not adequately "hit" the terrain surface,the lidar points will be removed and replaced with newly stereocompiled ground points. The augmentation of the lidar DEM will include addition of the specified road and railroad edge and centerline, hydrographic feature, drainage, and other break-in-grade/breakline feature data required for accurate 2' contour topography generation. The augmentation will also include spot elevations for all significant high and low points(peaks,troughs, saddles,etc.)missed in the lidar DEM and outlines of void/obscured areas where thick vegetation prevents suitable lidar or photogrammetric ground point readings. The breakline data will be compiled in separate coded layers by feature category and can optionally be edited/upgraded to full planimetric feature layers. 8.3 DTM Quality Control: Following production and before being used in subsequent mapping processes, the updated existing or new augmented LiDAR DTM data will undergo the following quality control checks: • Direct digital review of the data as a 2D point file and as 3D visuals to check for anomalies such as data gaps or data spikes • Use of PROSA progressive sampling software technology identifying areas where the DEM/DTM may require densification based on a designated"curvature threshold" 20 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH • Use of Terrasolid Terrascan software to compare elevations of surveyed control and triangulation points to DTM surface and report displacement/vertical DTM accuracy over the project area Where anomalies/inaccuracies in the DTM data are found, the data is reviewed and restructured/recompiled as needed. 8.4 DEM/DTM Data Deliverable: The checked and augmented lidar DTM data files will be furnished as a deliverable in DWG and/or other specified formats on CD or DVD. The data will be in separate files/layers corresponding to mass point and breakline elements using the County's/City's approved layering scheme. 8.5 Ortho-Grade Lidar DEM Augmentation: Kucera's experience with properly classified lidar DEM data having both ground and elevated feature (bridge, overpass) points is that this data supports ortho image rectification without having to be augmented with stereocompiled"breakline"feature data. There may be some areas, however, outside of the designated contour mapping area where additional compiled breakline feature data is needed for proper feature rectification, such as areas having major elevated roadways and multiple level bridges/overpasses. For these areas Kucera will augment the ortho- grade lidar DEM with breakline data stereocompiled from the project aerial photography on Kucera's BAE SOCET SET softcopy stereoplotters. 9. DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTO PRODUCTION 9.1 Overview: Kucera's digital orthophoto production is a three-stage process consisting of: 1. Initial image rectification and quality control review 2. Image mosaicking/tone balancing using advanced Inpho OrthoVista image processing technology 3. Final, thorough interactive/manual quality control inspection/mosaic/edit of individual image tiles. The process includes a full, manual quality control review and mosaic/edit as needed of each image tile. Kucera's numerous countywide orthophoto clients will readily attest to the superior quality/accuracy and low rejection rate of the orthophoto imagery generated by Kucera using this process. 21 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH 9.2 Digital Image Rectification: The digital orthophoto image rectification of the individual scanned photo exposures of the aerial photography to the project DEM data will be accomplished on Inpho OrthoMaster digital orthophoto systems running on dedicated workstations. In performing the image rectification work,the scanned images to be rectified are subjected to an initial visual quality control review and the project DEM data is processed via Trimble Terramodel software to a TIN model and point grid supporting the rectification. The scanned exposures are oriented using camera fiducial readings (exterior orientation) and orientation parameters derived from the aerotriangulation process (interior orientation), with QC reports being produced and exterior orientation residuals being held to a 10-micron maximum tolerance. The oriented imagery is pixel-rectified to the processed point grid using a high-grade radiometric interpolation, with resampling to the target pixel resolutions being performed as needed using a cubic convolution resampling algorithm. For this project, the finished pixel resolution will be 0.5' as specified. Quality control of the rectification process includes: • Visual inspection of imagery for observable distortions and other anomalies,with special attention given to DEM quality "indicator" features, such as railroads, highways, and bridge overpasses. • Check geometric accuracy "fit" of imagery to project survey control and available existing planimetric feature data of equal or higher accuracy— expecting matching with specified tolerances. • Check of ties with adjacent images within and between flight lines, expecting fit within specified tolerances. • Selection of exposures with minimal "hot spots"/glare off of water bodies and other significant reflective surfaces. Where rectification-related image deficiencies are found, the DEM data is reviewed and modified as necessary and the rectification is repeated. A rectification QC signoff report is generated for each rectified image and maintained by the orthophoto department manager. 9.3 Automated Image Processing—OrthoVista: Following rectification, the imagery is tone balanced and processed into the final seamless image tiles using Zeiss OrthoVista, an automated orthophoto image processing program which performs optimized image tone adjustment, resampling, and tile formation in a batch mode. With the OrthoVista technology, image processing and tiling procedures which previously took weeks to accomplish and review manually are now carried out in a matter of hours or days with minimal need for operator interaction. Note that the OrthoVista program is among the most mature of its type and produces excellent results with virtually no image anomalies. 22 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH In performing the automated processing, sample images are run through the OrthoVista program and used to adjust the automated image dodging and seam removal intensity in relation to the tone of the imagery and the terrain being covered. With the parameters defined, a block of images are then batch processed to a seamless overall image representation, from which coordinate-defined tiles and/or resampled imagery is copied/extracted and output in the appropriate format. The seam lines are selected in specified/optimal image locations, with a "seam editor" feature being used for manual adjustment of seam lines where required. The OrthoVista software automatically selects areas of limited tone transition for seam line placement so as to avoid having seams placed through buildings and other areas where seams would be evident. Digital shapefiles of the OrthoVista seam line locations can be furnished to the County for quality review and accuracy checking. Kucera will also perform an internal quality control review of all seam line locations. For this project Kucera will be using OrthoVista to produce the specified 4000' x 4000' IA NAD83 state plane coordinate grid-defined, butt-matched modular image tiles for the 1"=100' scale orthophoto imagery. Manual edit measures will also be used to minimize image "density shifts" at seam lines so that any effect is primarily non-observable. OrthoVista will also be used to create block mosaics for compressed image delivery and/or other resampled/retiled versions of orthophotography as needed. A sample of "before" and "after" OrthoVista processing is provided at the back of this proposal section. 9.4 Bridges and Building Lean: In areas where there are tall (> 50') bridges/overpasses, two sets of rectified imagery will be prepared, one rectified to the DEM representing the ground beneath the bridge as needed for proper representation of the same, and one rectified to DEM breakline data representing the bridge deck, again as needed for proper representation of the same. Using OrthoVista and manual image editing techniques, the images will be merged/mosaicked to produce the final proper image rendition. For the downtown Waterloo and other designated taller structure areas feature lean effects will be eliminated ("true" orthophotography) using a semi-automated process involving piecing together portions of rectified imagery on which the individual tall structures are best centered and absent of lean. The editing work will be conducted by experienced image processing technicians who will make use of the OrthoVista technology's "QC"feature which automatically retrieves all available views for a particular feature for selection of the best view for subsequent mosaicking. The process will be facilitated by the use of flight lines with increased (60%) side overlap and, as needed, by the use of feature-centered aerial flight lines taken for tall structure areas. For buildings which are not tall but cover large areas (e.g., manufacturing plants, transfer facilities, etc.), a similar process will be used to ensure that the image coverage has minimal and consistent lean and that the appearance of the building is proper and not distorted due to image seams or differences in lean between sides. 23 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH 9.5 Image Finalization: The image tiles produced through OrthoVista will be thoroughly manually inspected individually and together, with a quality certification for each batch of images passing inspection. Elements of the final inspection and quality certification process will include: Characteristic Acceptance Criteria Automated processing artifacts(e.g., image 100%absent smears) Tone transition < 10%variance Image artifacts(e.g., dust, lint, etc.) 0%visible at target scale <5 artifacts per tile Control target image position offset(from <3' offset at 1"=100' scale survey coordinates) Seam line feature displacement <3' offset at 1"=100' scale DEM breakline/compiled feature image offset <3' offset at 1"=100' scale Elevated features(bridges, railroads, etc.) No breaks/warping Shadow/highlight areas Good detail visible at target and magnified viewing scales Color/contrast Match with County-approved sample In general, Kucera will process the imagery in contiguous blocks and expect these to have a seamless appearance throughout when viewed at the target and enlarged scales and have control/triangulation point displacement and seam mismatches/offsets within the project accuracy tolerances for 1"=100' scale mapping. Correction of minor image imperfections and "spiffing" of tone will be performed as needed using Adobe Photoshop and Image Alchemy softwares as needed. Note that Kucera assumes that the ortho imagery will be predominately viewed and used at the specified target scale (1"=100') as opposed to highly magnified/enlarged scales. As with any aerial image/map representation digital orthophotography is not a "perfect" depiction of the terrain and has inherent characteristics such as seam lines and slight displacements of elevated features which are only apparent at enlarged scales and which do not affect applications which are appropriate for the specified scale. Kucera's edit process does not include revisions for such inherent characteristics. 24 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH 9.6 Uncompressed Delivery: The final uncompressed digital orthophoto image tiles will be furnished in georeferenced TIFF (TIF/TFW) format on USB drive or DVD media. The image file names will correspond to the County's tile corner coordinate grid-based or other specified numbering/naming system. Two sets of imagery will be furnished with the first set of images being delivered to the County review/approval and the second set of images being delivered following full approval of the first set. Revised tiles from the first set of images based on the County's QC inspection will be posted on Kucera's FTP site or delivered on DVD. The orthophoto imagery will include the master digital tile index in DWG, shapefile, or other specified format. A duplicate grayscale version of the color orthophotography will be furnished as described in Subsection 9.8 below. 9.7 Compressed Imagery: Individual tile and countywide mosaic color and duplicate black and white compressed image versions of the digital orthophotography will be provided in MrSID (Generation 2.0 or other version). Samples of imagery at various compression factors (10x, 20x, 50x, etc.) will be provided for the County's review and selection. The SID imagery will be delivered on USB or DVD media along with corresponding SDW georeferencing files. 9.8 Black and White Version of Color Orthophotography: The black and white version of the color orthophotography will be produced through an RGB (color)-to-grayscale (black and white)pixel mapping process accomplished in Adobe Photoshop. The RGB-to-grayscale pixel mapping process involves extraction of luminosity values from the red, blue, and green channels and assignment of grayscale values to the same, with no resulting image degradation. 9.9 FGDC Metadata: The digital images will optionally be delivered with corresponding metadata files in FGDC- compliant format. FGDC-compliant orthophoto metadata is produced using the USGS program • TKME v. 2.8.8. Metadata information is collected by both conventional and digital means, entered into the TKME program, then saved as an ASCII file to be converted to the client- specific file type,e.g.,text-based HTML or XML. 9.10 Image Band and Radiometric Resolution Options: If digital camera technology is used for the image acquisition, the imagery will be available in the color infrared band as well as in color and black & white. The infrared imagery can be provided in georeferenced but non-rectified form or as fully rectified orthophotography. The digital camera imagery is acquired and can optionally be delivered at a 16-bit/channel radiometric resolution as opposed to the standard 8-bit resolution. The increased radiometric resolution would double the image file size but would provide increased radiometric/color accuracy with more distinguishable gradients/differences in tone/color. 25 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH 9.11 Optional Latitude/Longitude Projection: A latitude/longitude georeferenced/projected version of the digital orthophotography can optionally be furnished to the County for E911 software applications as needed. 9.12 Optional Softcopy Mask/Optional Hardcopy Plots: Kucera can optionally furnish a GIS/CAD-compatible softcopy mask/digital sheet surround for each tile and plotting routine program for in-house use in producing hardcopy sheet plots of the orthophotography. The mask and plotting routine will be based on standard sheet format. As a further optional service Kucera can produce high resolution, non-fading, water-resistant color mosaic plots of citywide mosaics and/or selected areas using an AGFAJET 1440 dpi Grand Sherpa color plotting system. Sample final plots would be provided for review and approval before proceeding with deliveries and all plots would be thoroughly quality control inspected for image quality,title information, etc.,before shipment. 10. TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURE MAPPING 10.1 Overview: In this phase of the project Kucera will generate new 2' "check" contour topography from the photogrammetrically checked and augmented lidar DTM, batch and manually edit this data as needed, and to convert the data to AutoCAD format for delivery to the County and/or City. 10.2 Contour Generation: The contour topography will be generated in continuous form from the new/updated project DTM using Leica CIP, a modified TIN-based contour interpolation program which has an advanced "floating Z" contour-smoothing (splining) algorithm and residual output for a high degree of quality control. The CIP program has a number of features which make it superior to other TIN-based programs for the generation of contours which are smoothed and which require minimal post-generation editing for acceptable cartographic appearance. CIP uses horizontal and vertical splining in contour formation, as opposed to the more rudimentary horizontal, straight- line,point-to-point process,producing a smoother,more accurate contour representation. 10.3 Data Edit/Check Plots: The generated "check" contour topography will be edited on dedicated Cardinal Systems VR1 editing workstations to produce clear, seamless data layers by contour type (e.g., index, intermediate, etc.). The edit process will include placement of spot elevation data as needed, review against the corresponding digital orthophotography, checking of layer assignments, and correction/elimination of dangling nodes,crossing contours, and other such anomalies. 26 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 KUCERA INTERNATIONAL INC. Proposal for 2007 Digital Orthophotography Services Black Hawk County,Iowa PROPOSED APPROACH As the initial editing work is completed, paper check plots of the contour data will be produced for internal QC review and will be submitted to the County and/or City for review and approval. As the check plot review is completed, final edits will be made before conversion of the data and final quality control review in AutoCAD. 10.4 Data Conversion/Final Plots: The final topographic data files will be converted to and delivered in AutoCAD 2004 DWG polyline format in individual tiles, single areawide files, or other units as specified. Before commencing with the data conversion work, translation tables will be developed based on the specified layering scheme/database design and reviewed with the County and/or City for approval. The conversion work from the VR1 native capture/edit format to AutoCAD will generally proceed as follows: 1. The mapping will be imported into AutoCAD via direct binary data translator. 2. The data will be checked for line work and logical errors using customized programs and manual review. Lines will be filtered with acceptable tolerance to eliminate any point duplication. The files will be edited in the AutoCAD environment with emphasis on preserving existing features. Overshoots, undershoots and pseudo nodes will be eliminated where necessary. Polygon closure and exclusiveness will be ensured and all graphic features sharing a common boundary will have the same exact graphic representation. 3. Final check plots will be produced for internal and County/City review as needed. 4. Backup copies of all interim and final data files will be maintained should a delivered file be lost, destroyed, or questioned. All final GIS/CAD data files will be furnished on CD or DVD along with a corresponding master sheet/coverage index file. Sample final data files will be provided for review and approval before proceeding with deliveries. Backup copies of all intermediate and final digital files will be maintained indefinitely. The final plots will be in the County or City's specified sheet format. 11. PROJECT WRAP-UP 11.1 Overview/Procedures: In the project wrap-up phase of the project Kucera will review the project transmittals/records and specifications to ensure that all deliverables were received by the County and/or City. The County and City will be asked to review their records as well to ensure all deliverables are accounted for. Project materials retained by Kucera (e.g., aerial film, raw image scans, backup DEM files,etc.)will be recorded and appropriately stored at Kucera's headquarters facility. 27 ©Kucera International,Inc.,2006 N V